Symsyn is a simple syntax, back-to-basics, minimalist programming language which resembles a sort of assembly language for a Pascal Virtual Machine (PVM). Assemblers provide a one to one relationship between a mneumonic instruction and a hardware opcode. Similarly, Symsyn establishes a one to one relationship between an instruction and a Pascal procedure. The instruction set is, therefore, open ended and can grow into any operating environment.
It is implemented by a compiler, SSL which generates version specific PVM code from a text file. The code can be run by either SSS or SSX. SSS runs a single prog to completion and then ends. SSX runs each prog in a multitasking environment and has program monitoring and log functions. Multitasking is enhanced with several inter-program communication instructions which provide synchronization and data passing capability.
The intended user is a novice programmer or a non programmer who doesn't have the time or interest to learn the conceptual niceties and abstract concepts of a more advanced and rigorous language, but needs to accomplish a given task. Symsyn's simplicity and potential could provide much of the functionality of Pascal without all of Pascal's discipline and could be an on ramp to learning Pascal.
A compiler and emulator were written for the PC under DOS to enable it to run multitasking software originally written for an IBM Series/1. The software drove legacy data communications protocols, code translation, encryption support, and transaction flow control for a real time banking application involving ATM's, teller terminals, and regional switches. This front end and a host computer were capable of controlling hundreds of devices. While Symsyn is decidedly different from that source code, major portions of that compiler and emulator were used here.
Program security - randomized version specific opcodes to inhibit hacking and reverse engineering.
Extensible architecture designed to accommodate new instructions.
Multi-platform capability.
Any algorithm can be reduced to an instruction.
As much as possible examples will be used to explain the syntax. But first, some basic principles.
A prog consists of one or more instructions.
One instruction or data declaration per line.
All data declarations precede instructions.
Labels start in column one.
Data and instructions are free form after column one.
Data items may be declared or just used in instructions.
Instructions consist of a command (opcode) followed by zero or more operands.
If the first item after the optional label is not a valid command, MOVE is assumed.
Items are separated by one or more spaces.
Action flows from left to right, rightmost item usually receives result.
Arithmetic is 64 bit.
Text after '|' on a line is comment.
The prefix '#' means size of.
The prefix '@' means address of.
There are three data types.
Word - a 64 bit binary object residing in the program space which can be an Integer or a Real (floating point) variable. The Integer can be declared as a data item or just used in an instruction. Integer is the default type. Bits can be addressed by number. They are numbered 63 to 0, left to right (msb to lsb). The Real must be declared by giving it a value with a decimal point. Either Integer or Real array index begins at 0.
Character String - an unstructured list of one or more characters residing in the program space. It can be declared as a data item or just used in an instruction as a literal string. Index begins at 0.
Ansi String - a structured list of characters of any length residing outside the program space. It is never declared. All Ansi String identifiers begin with a '$'. Index begins at 1.
In the following examples, identifiers starting with
C, D, E, are character strings
X, Y, Z, are words
I, J, K, are index words
N is a count word (number of characters)
$R, $S, $T, are ansi strings
C : 'This is a character string'
D : 40 ' ' | character string of 40 spaces
C2 : X'ABCD1234567890' | string of hexadecimal digits
X : 3 1000 | three word integer array with a value of 1000
X1 : 0XABCDEF | integer with a hexadecimal value of ABCDEF
X2 : 0b100101 | integer with a binary value of 100101
RX : 0.0 | real with a value of 0
Y : @C | integer with a value equal to the address of C
Y1 : #C | integer with a value equal to the size of C
CEQ = X | CEQ points to X as a character string
X | set X to zero
+ X | increment X by 1
+ 0XA9822B Y | add hex value to Y
X Y | move X to Y
X:3:4 Y | move 4 bits starting with bit number 3 to Y
C $S | move the character string C to the ansi string $S
$S C #C | move (size of C) characters from ansi string $S to C
C D N | move N characters from C to D
+ 'ABC' $S | add character string 'ABC' to the end of ansi string $S
#$S X | move the size of string $S to X
X.I Z | move the Ith word in array X to Z
| the if clause
if i LT 1000
...
...
...
endif
| becomes a 'while' clause with the addition of a 'goif' instruction
if i LT 1000
...
...
...
goif
endif
| and becomes an iterative 'for' loop with the addition of an index variable
i
if i LT 1000
...
...
...
+ i
goif
endif
| time a loop and display the result on the console
datetime strt | system date and time to strt
I
if I < 100000000
+ I
goif
endif
datetime stopp | system date and time to stopp
msbetween strt stopp rslt | milliseconds between strt and stopp
~ rslt $s | convert binary to decimal string
$s [] | display result
| read a text file and display it on the console
opentext 'sorttext.txt' fid
if ioresult eq 0 | ioresult = -1 at end of file
[fid] $s | move a record from the file to the string
$s [] | display string on the console
goif
endif
| read a number from the console add 1 and display the result
LP [] $S | read from console
IF $S <> '' | if something was entered
~ $S X | convert to binary
+ X | add 1 to X
X [] | output to console
GO LP | go to LP
ENDIF
| using the Haversine formula compute the distance in
| kilometers from Nashville to Los Angeles given the
| latitude and longitude of each
lat1 : 36.12
lon1 : -86.67
lat2 : 33.94
lon2 : -118.4
dx : 0.
dy : 0.
dz : 0.
kms : 0.
{degtorad(lon2 - lon1)} lon1
{degtorad lat1} lat1
{degtorad lat2} lat2
{sin lat1 - sin lat2} dz
{cos lon1 * cos lat1 - cos lat2} dx
{sin lon1 * cos lat1} dy
{arcsin(sqrt(dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2)/2) * 12745.6} kms
"'Haversine distance: ' kms ' kilometers'" []
Symsyn in the Hello World Collection
Symsyn examples at Rosettacode
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